One of the greatest puzzles to Jews is how something seen universally in the Hebrew Bible as good, life-giving, and a sign of freedom and love [i.e., the Law] … could have become, in [Paul]’s mind, a form of slavery, curse, and death, a regime from which one must seek redemption (e.g. Gal. 4).
On the other hand:
“The Christian canon does testify to the benevolent and philanthropic God of creation, Exodus, and even Sinai. How to integrate this God with Paul’s and John’s is a great problem. I think it fair to say that to many Jews it appears insurmountable and that Christian Antisemitism seems to be only the flashpoint of an ambivalence deep in the very heart of Christianity.”
- Jon D. Levenson, “Is There a Counterpart in the Hebrew Bible to New Testament Antisemitism?” Journal of Ecumenical Studies 22 (1985): 247.
The phrase in bold is another one that’s been rattling around in my head since I read it a couple months ago. (Thanks to DC for sending me the article.) With it, John Levenson expresses a suspicion that’s been lurking in my mind since my first year of seminary. Sometimes I wonder if Christianity is untrue, not because I can’t believe in miracles or an all-powerful, personal God or because the idea of sin and punishment offends me … but because I can’t really wrap my mind around what Christian truth IS. Levenson has, in passing, put his finger on the issue that, try as I might, as simple as some systems of doctrine make it out to be, I can never come to a resting place on. WHERE DOES “THE LAW” (which can be defined in multiple ways) FIT INTO CHRISTIANITY? It’s not that I’m obsessed with “how to be saved” in the sense of securing a good place after death – it’s that I don’t really know how to live now, how to please God, how to find true peace and live as though the Kingdom of God were real. To me that means DOING things, but then Christian friends that I respect (and that seem a lot more godly than me) tell me that I’m living “under the law,” and that I’m too controlled by guilt. And they’re right. I continually seem to be lurching toward one extreme or the other (legalism or “cheap grace”), and sometimes I wonder if that’s because Christianity is internally … not just ambivalent, but contradictory.
If I try to defend my tradition, my response to the problem articulated by Levenson (how could a good God give his people a Law which is later revealed to be “slavery” and “a curse”?) is informed, like most everything else, by my understanding of redemptive history / progressive revelation. The Law was good and loving and freeing when God gave it … it’s just that the children of Israel as a rule couldn’t really keep it, in the letter or, more importantly, the spirit, because they did not really know God, their hearts were not circumcised (c.f. Ez. 26: 24-32). After multiple cycles of obedience –> disobedience –> foreign oppression –> repent and cry out to God —> deliverance, God at some point decided to intervene (I’m not an open theist, this is my finite understanding of how he acted in history), and sent Jesus to be what Israel could not by fulfilling the Law, inaugurating God’s Kingdom on earth, propitiating God’s wrath toward sin and imputing his righteousness to sinners in need. (And other stuff.) Theoretically at least, I think it’s now possible for people to know God in a way they didn’t before, because the Holy Spirit has now been granted.
So … I feel like Levenson’s question, in a sense, boils down to: “Why is there history?,” or I guess, to be more fair, “How people be Christians in the face of history?” Answer: Stuff happens. The choice seems to me to either believe in some kind of impersonal, static force (or no transcendent being at all), or to believe in a personal God who interacts with human history. If you believe in the latter, not everything is going to be reducible to static principles.
Now that I’ve written the above response to Levenson, I’m trying to remember what my original beef with was … oh yeah: I think history happens and God has the right to change the rules whenever he wants (not without notification and explanation, of course) … I just can’t figure out what I’m supposed to do now. *Is* there still a law in Christianity? I know the cultic and purity laws are pretty much null (excuse me, “fulfilled” – that’s another distinction I tend to lose sight of), but is there still some kind of lower-case law for Christians, a different one or maybe just a scaled-down or more “spiritual” version of the one that was revealed from Sinai? E.g. “the law of liberty (Jas. 1:25)?” And how do I obey this and avoid cheap grace / laziness / doing whatever the heck comes naturally, while at the same time laying hold of true grace and extending it to others?